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@#Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics, prevention and control strategies, measures and the effects achieved of malaria in Huangshi City from 1951 to 2021, and to offer a reference for further strengthening malaria eradication and control successes. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to assess the prevalence, measurements, and impacts of malaria in different time periods based on data for malaria control in Huangshi City from 1951 to 2021, and we created "semi-log" line graphs and charts to display the prevalence of disease and the effort done in prior years in terms of prevention and control. Results Between 1951 and 2021, 527 780 cases of malaria were recorded in Huangshi, with an average annual incidence rate of 40.07/10 000. The prevention and control of malaria has gone through four stages, namely, the high prevalence of malaria stage (1951-1979), the basic elimination stage (1980-1999), the consolidation stage (2000-2010), and the eradication stage (2011-2021). Different strategies and measures have been adopted in different epidemic periods. During the high epidemic period, great efforts have been made to carry out general surveys and treatments, and strengthen the management of symptomatic patients; during the eradication stage, prominent and classified prevention and control strategies were adopted. When the incidence rate dropped to below 1/10 000, the main measures adopted were malaria monitoring, including timely discovery and standardization of infectious sources, disposal of epidemic points, management of migrant population malaria and vector monitoring. Through active prevention and control, remarkable results were achieved, and the incidence rate of malaria fell to below 1/10 000 in 1989, reaching the level of "basic elimination of malaria" issued by the Ministry in 1999, and passed the provincial malaria elimination acceptance in 2015. In recent years, with the increasing labor exports and foreign exchanges, imported malaria has been on the rise. African countries are the main sources of imported malaria, and the main species is P.falciparum. Conclusions Malaria was once one of the main infectious diseases endangering the health of people in Huangshi City. The preventive and control methods and procedures adopted in different epidemic periods are effective. Currently, we have entered the consolidation phase of malaria elimination, with the focus of work being to monitor, report, and timely and effectively respond to imported malaria cases, thus reducing the risk of local transmission.
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@#Abstract: Objective To evaluate the influence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention and control measures on the transmission and epidemic of influenza in Chongqing, so as to provide references for formulating targeted influenza prevention and control strategies. Methods The influenza surveillance data, during the year 2018 to 2020, were collected through the "China Influenza Surveillance Information System", and the seasonal characteristics of influenza epidemic were analyzed. The percentage of influenza like cases (ILI%) and influenza virus positive rate between 2020 and 2018-2019 were compared, so as to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 prevention and control measures on influenza epidemic characteristics. Results The annual proportions of ILI cases in Chongqing were respectively 3.53%, 2.23% and 1.2% from 2018 to 2020, while the positive rates of influenza virus were respectively 13.97%, 23.81% and 2.65%. The distribution trend of ILI% from 2018 to 2019 fluctuated were similar, but it continued to drop and remain at a low level since February 2020. The positive rate of influenza virus showed an epidemic peak from December to March in 2018-2019, also peaked from November 2019 to January 2020, but decreased to 0 in March. ILI% was positively correlated with the positive rate of influenza virus (r=0.404 8, P<0.05). In 2020, compared with the same period of 2018-2019, the growth rate of ILI% was -66.09% and -46.32%, respectively. The positive rate of influenza virus in 2020 decreased by 81.03% and 88.87% compared with the same period of 2018-2019, respectively. The growth rates of influenza virus positive rate in January 2020 were decreased with a small rate of about 39.87%, and with a significantly decline of more than 93.65% from February. No influenza epidemic was found after March. Conclusions Since COVID-19 prevention and control measures were implemented in January 2020 in Chongqing, the ILI% and the positive rate of influenza virus in sentinel hospitals decreased significantly. In the season of high incidence of respiratory infectious diseases, personal protection and other measures can effectively reduce influenza virus infection.
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Major infectious diseases have the characteristics of sudden, group and harmfulness. Isolation is widely used in the field of infectious disease prevention and control as an emergency management tool to control the source of infection and protect susceptible populations in emergencies. However, while it has achieved good results, there are also objective ethical disputes between personal freedom and public health, personal privacy and public knowledge. This paper fully discusses the ethical problems exposed in the implementation stage of isolation, follows the ethical principles of minimum infringement, utility and respect, and puts forward suggestions to strengthen the ethical decision-making ability of grassroots personnel, improve the operation procedures of isolation, and give more humanistic care to the isolated population. On the premise of the unity of public interest and individual rights and interests, we hope to promote the benign interaction between individuals and the public, properly solve the practical problems existing in the disposal of major infectious diseases, and give full play to the optimal function of public policy objectives.
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Objective:To investigate the willingness of patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) to accept drug treatment and its influencing factors in Shaanxi Province, in order to provide a reference for promoting the standardized management of KBD patients.Methods:The general information of KBD patients in Shaanxi Provincial Endemic Disease Prevention and Control Information System from January 2018 to December 2020 was collected, including gender, age (< 50, 50 - 79, ≥80 years old), ethnicity (Han nationality, others), education level (primary school and below, junior high school, senior high school and above), occupation (farmer, others), region (northern Shaanxi, central Shaanxi, southern Shaanxi), disease severity (gradeⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ), etc. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the willingness of KBD patients to accept drug treatment, mainly including the willingness of patients to accept drug treatment, management services (whether the poor population, participation in medical insurance, disability assessment) and the implementation of comprehensive prevention and control measures (type of drinking water, types and sources of staple food, relocation from other places and returning farmland to forests). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of KBD patients' willingness to accept drug treatment.Results:A total of 58 501 KBD patients were included, including 51.60% (30 185/58 501) males and 48.40% (28 316/58 501) females; the median age was 64 years old; the ethnicity was mainly Han nationality, accounting for 99.87% (58 427/58 501); the education level of primary school and below accounted for 81.76% (47 831/58 501); the occupation was mainly farmers, accounting for 99.24% (58 059/58 501); mainly distributed in central Shaanxi [81.40% (47 619/58 501)]; patients with gradeⅠaccounted for 63.68% (37 254/58 501). Totally 89.02% (52 078/58 501) of KBD patients were willing to accept drug treatment. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, gender, age, education level, disease severity, region, medical insurance, disability assessment, type of drinking water, type of staple food, relocation from other places and returning farmland to forests were the influencing factors of KBD patients' willingness to accept drug treatment ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:KBD patients in Shaanxi Province have a high willingness to accept drug treatment. In the future, the standardized management of KBD patients should take into account the factors such as age, education level, disease severity and region, and implement precise drug treatment.
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Objective:To analyze the epidemic status and characteristics of human brucellosis in Ordos City, and to provide basis for formulating perfect prevention and control countermeasures of brucellosis.Methods:The data of reported human brucellosis cases in Ordos City from 2016 to 2020 were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the distributions of time, region and population.Results:Totally 2 861 cases of human brucellosis were reported in Ordos City from 2016 to 2020. The average annual incidence rate was 27.68/100 000 and no deaths. The incidence rate of human brucellosis decreased year by year from 2016 to 2018 (24.11/100 000, 20.82/100 000, 20.11/100 000). But the incidence rate began to pick up in 2019 (24.59/100 000) and rose to 48.53/100 000 in 2020. The incidence peak was from March to August (1 882 cases). The cases had been reported in all over 9 banners (districts) of the city. The cumulative number of reported cases from more to less was Hangjin Banner, Dalat Banner, Otog Front Banner, Jungar Banner, Otog Banner, Dongsheng District, Wushen County, Ejin Horo Banner and Kangbashi District. The cases were predominantly male, and the sex ratio of male to female was 2.23∶1.00 (1 974 ∶ 887). The onset was mainly young and middle-aged adults, and the age was mainly 30-69 years old (2 541 cases). Farmers accounted for 65.26% (1 867 cases) in all reported cases, followed by herdsmen, accounting for 18.98% (543 cases).Conclusions:There is an obvious upward trend of human brucellosis in Ordos City in recent years, mainly among young and middle-aged male farmers. Health education for key populations should be strengthened, as well as personal protection during high-risk operations.
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Objective To explore the role of multi-department cooperation in the prevention and control of nosocomial infection of multi-drug-resistant bacteria(MDRO). Methods Theretrospective analysis was conducted on 1 478 inpatients before the implementation of multi-department cooperative management (January 2019 to December 2019). The implementation of multi-department cooperative management began in January 2020, including :(1) the establishment of multi-department cooperative management organization system; (2) Establish a three-level MANAGEMENT network of MDRO; (3) Multidisciplinary joint training; (4) Clinical departments shall be equipped with clinical pharmacists; (5) The hospital infection monitoring system was used to conduct real-time monitoring on the submission of microbial samples, the detection rate of MDRO, the changes of drug-resistant bacteria and the use of antibiotics; (6) Led by the department of hospital pathology and medical Service, regular joint ward rounds should be conducted in the departments and key departments with high DETECTION rate of MDRO; (7) PDCA cycle mode was adopted for quality control of all links of nosocomial infection prevention and control measures; After the implementation of multi-department cooperative management (January 2020 to December 2020), all the hospitalized patients in 1849 cases were detected and counted, and the incidence of nosocomial infection, the detection rate of MDRO, the compliance rate of hand hygiene, the implementation rate of contact isolation, and the specimen inspection rate of therapeutic use of antibiotics and the reasonable utilization rate of antibiotics were compared before and after the implementation. Results The incidence of nosocomial infection and the detection rate of MDRO were significantly lower after the implementation of multi-department cooperative management than before (χ2=46.611, χ2=16.814, P 2 = 25.357, χ2=29.227, P2=25.576, χ2=33.624, P<0.05). Conclusion The practice of multi-department cooperative management brings into full play the advantages of interdisciplinary complementarity, improves the ability of medical staff to implement the prevention and control measures for MDRO, and can effectively reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection in MDRO.
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Objective:To investigate the changes in epidemiological characteristics of common respiratory pathogens in children in Beijing during COVID-19 epidemic.Methods:A total of 9 728 serum samples were collected from cases of acute respiratory infections in Beijing Children′s Hospital from January 2020 to December 2020. Indirect immunofluorescence antibody test was performed to detect IgM antibodies against eight common respiratory pathogens and the test results were statistically analyzed. The eight common respiratory pathogens were influenza virus A (FluA), influenza virus B (FluB), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( Mp), Chlamydia pneumoniae ( Cp) and Legionella pneumophila ( Lp). Results:The detection rate of respiratory pathogens in 9 728 cases was 41.71% (4 058/9 728) and respiratory viruses (FluA, FluB, RSV, ADV and PIV) accounted for 46.18%(2 343/5 074)of all detected pathogens. Mp, FluB and FluA accounted for 84.73%(4 299/5 074)of all detected pathogens, and the detection rates were 24.27% (2 361/9 728), 11.49% (1 118/9 728) and 8.43% (820/9 728), respectively. There were 846 cases positive for two kinds of pathogens, and the most common co-infection was Mp and FluB. The detection rates in male and female were 37.56% (2 089/5 562) and 47.26% (1 969/4 166), respectively. There were significant differences in the total detection rate and the positive rates of PIV and Mp between different sexes ( P<0.05). The detection rate in school-age children (6-12 years old) was the highest (52.26%, 1 535/2 937). The detection rates of respiratory pathogens in different months ranged from 30.12% (203/674) to 49.81% (268/538) with higher rates in autumn and winter [42.45% (1 304/3 072) and 43.29% (1 618/3 738)]. The detection rates of FluA and FluB were higher in summer [11.46% (195/1 701)] and winter [14.63% (547/3738)], respectively. Most of RSV infection occurred in summer [1.35% (23/1 701)], and Mp could be detected all year round, especially in winter and spring [27.21% (1 017/3 738) and 25.64% (312/1 217)]. The detection rate of respiratory pathogens in outpatient group was higher than that in inpatient group [46.48% (1 583/3 406) vs 39.15% (2 475/6 322)]. The detection rate in severe cases was 26.10% (71/272). The detection rates of total pathogens, FluB and Mp were higher in outpatients than in inpatients and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The detection rates of FluA, PIV and ADV were higher in inpatients than in outpatients and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The detection rates of total pathogens, FluB and Mp in mild cases were significantly higher than those in severe cases and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The detection rate of RSV in severe cases was significantly higher than that in mild cases and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The protective measures taken during the period of regular prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic could better prevent the spread of respiratory viruses, having a certain impact on the population susceptible to respiratory pathogens and typical seasonal patterns, but had little effect on the prevention and control of Mp. New protective measures needed to be studied to prevent Mp infection in children during epidemical season.
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Objective@#To evaluate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ) prevention and control measures in Huzhou on influenza epidemic strength and characteristics in 2020, so as to provide reference for formulating influenza prevention measures. @*Methods@#Using the influenza surveillance data of the national influenza sentinel surveillance system from January 2015 to July 2020, the seasonal characteristics of influenza epidemic were analyzed, the proportion of influenza-like illness cases ( ILI% ) and the positive rate of influenza virus in January to July of 2020 were compared with those of the same period in 2015-2019, in order to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 prevention and control measures. @*Results @#The ILI% and the positive rate of influenza virus in Huzhou were 3.90% and 15.32% during 2015-2019, while were 4.41% and 12.63% from January to July of 2020. The trends of ILI% during 2015-2019 fluctuated similar, but continued to drop since January 2020. The positive rate of influenza virus peaked from December to March in 2015-2019, also peaked from December 2019 to January 2020, but decreased to 0 in March. ILI% was positively correlated with the positive rate of influenza virus ( r=0.682, P<0.05). The growth rates of ILI% from January to July 2020 were 4.75%, -11.27%, 0.68%, 19.84% and 0.92%, compared with the same period of 2015-2019, respectively. The growth rates of ILI% in January 2020 were much higher ( >57.00% ) and from April to July were much lower ( <-33.00% ) . The growth rates of influenza virus positive rate from January to July 2020 were -47.96%, -36.53%, -3.44%, -35.92% and -39.37%, compared to the same period of 2015-2019, respectively. The growth rates of influenza virus positive rate in January 2020 were much higher ( >11.00% ) and from February to March were much lower ( <-61.00% ). @*Conclusion@#Since COVID-19 prevention and control measures were implemented in January 2020 in Huzhou, the ILI% and the positive rate of influenza virus in sentinel hospitals decreased significantly.
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Objective:To construct a multi-stage dynamic prevention and control model, establish a system of intervention points and prevention and control measures for the prevention and control of workplace violence in hospitals, so as to provide guidance for hospitals and medical staffs to effectively prevent and respond to such incidents.Methods:Based on the crisis management theory, a model for the prevention and control of workplace violence in hospitals was constructed, the intervention points and prevention and control measures were screened by the Delphi method.Results:A multi-stage dynamic prevention and control model of workplace violence in hospitals was constructed, and a system of intervention points and prevention and control measures for workplace violence in hospitals were established according to the model. The system was divided into three stages: the pre-event stage contained 10 intervention points and 48 countermeasures, the in-event stage contained 6 intervention points and 17 countermeasures, and the post-event stage contained 3 intervention points and 12 countermeasures.Conclusions:It is an effective way to avoid violence and reduce the damage degree of violent incidents by selecting different countermeasures for different intervention points and carrying out multi-stage dynamic prevention and control of workplace violence in hospitals.
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Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has broke out in 29 countries and regions in the world in a short period since December 2019. Various measures of prevention and control have been taken all over China. At present, the epidemic situation shows a positive trend, however, there are still a few new comfirmed cases in some area of China. So the job and thinking of epidemic prevention still cannot be relaxed. As an important specialty of stomatology, the risk of cross infection is high in oral medicine. Establishing an effective system of pre- inspection and triage and adopting strict measures of prevention and control are essential. According to the prevention and control situation of COVID- 19, the characteristics of hospital infection, pre examination, protective measures, the home management strategies of oral mucosal diseases during the epidemic period and the differential diagnosis between COVID-19 and common oral muco- sal diseases with fever were summarized and recommended in this paper.
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Objective@#Despite the remarkable progress in efforts to control disease spread, the nationwide elimination of hepatitis B in China is still hindered by the persistently high rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Western China. This study aimed to evaluate the strategy of hepatitis B prevention and control in Western China and identify potential areas and strategies for improvement.@*Methods@#Susceptible population vaccination, health education, professional training of doctors, and other prevention and control measures have been implemented in Wuwei city since 2010. Data were obtained from three representative cross-sectional serosurveys conducted in 2010, 2013, and 2015. The serum samples were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect the following seromarkers: HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), and antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Estimates of variance were determined using Taylor series linearization methods.@*Results@#The three serosurveys revealed decreases in the prevalence of HBsAg (7.19% in 2010 @*Conclusion@#Although vaccine-based prevention and control measures reduced the rate of HBV infection in Wuwei City over time, the hepatitis B infection rate in children younger than 10 years was still higher than the national average level. Therefore, the prevention and control of mother-to-child transmission and the management of the infected should be the focus of future prevention and control work.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , China/epidemiology , Communicable Disease Control/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hepatitis B/prevention & control , Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification , Prevalence , Seroepidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has become a global public health problem.China′s epidemic prevention and control measures prove to be effective, that can be reference for other countries in their epidemic work.As a special group, the pregnant women and newborns have been given priority attention.This paper overviews our measures to prevent and control GOVID-19 for pregnant women and newborns.These official measures were issued by either the central government at the national level or provincial health administrative departments, covering 7 aspects as home protection for pregnant women, obstetric outpatient prevention and control, pregnancy management, referral for diagnosis and treatment of suspected or confirmed pregnant women, hospital deliveries, nosocomial prevention and control for newborns and others.It is to share China′s measures for special populations during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Objective@#In order to master the epidemic trend of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and evaluate the effect of prevention and control, we evaluate the epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 in mainland China, Hubei province, Wuhan city and other provinces outside Hubei from January 16 to February 14, 2020.@*Methods@#We collected the daily number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases by nucleic acid detection reported by the National Health Commission from January 16, 2020 to February 14, 2020. The analysis includes the epidemic curve of the new confirmed cases, multiple of the new confirmed cases for period-over-period, multiple of the new confirmed cases for fixed-base, and the period-over-period growth rate of the new confirmed cases.@*Results@#From January 16 to February 14, 2020, the cumulative number of new confirmed cases of COVID-19 in mainland China was 50 031, including 37 930 in Hubei province, 22 883 in Wuhan city and 12 101 in other provinces outside Hubei. The peak of the number of new confirmed cases in other provinces outside Hubei was from January 31 to February 4, 2020, and the peak of new confirmed cases in Wuhan city and Hubei province was from February 5 to February 9, 2020. The number of new confirmed cases in other provinces outside Hubei showed a significant decline (23% compared with the peak) from February 5 to February 9, 2020, while the number of new confirmed cases in Wuhan city (30% compared with the peak) and Hubei Province (37% compared with the peak) decreased significantly from February 10 to February 14, 2020.@*Conclusion@#The epidemic prevention and control measures taken by the state and governments at all levels have shown very significant effects, effectively curbing the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic in China.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human infection with H7N9 avian influenza in Guilin in recent years and to provide on-site data and data support for scientific pre-vention and control of the epidemic of H7N9 avian influenza infection. Methods A descriptive epidemio-logical method was used to collect the data about human infection with H7N9 avian influenza form three as-pects, which were human infection cases in 2017, environmental monitoring for H7N9 avian influenza virus and sentinel surveillance of influenza-like cases. The epidemiological characteristics of human infection with H7N9 avian influenza in Guilin in 2017 were analyzed. Chi-square test was used to compare the positive rates of H7N9 avian influenza virus in environmental specimens. Results A total of six cases of confirmed human H7N9 infection including three deaths were reported in Guilin city in 2017. These cases were from five counties and districts and all occurred in winter and spring. The patients were middle-aged and old men. Most of them were farmers and had a clear history of poultry exposure before the onset of infection. No human H7N9 infection was reported in close contacts or in influenza-like cases. Conclusions H7N9 avian influen-za infection in Guilin was characterized by high sporadicity, high incidence in winter and spring, and pre-dominantly middle-aged and elderly men. Avian exposure history was a high risk factor for human infection with H7N9 avian influenza virus. All of the studied cases were severe cases. No human-to-human transmis-sion was reported. Farmers, having a history of poultry slaughter, and underlying diseases were potential risks causing death. Live poultry markets were the main sources of infection, hence closing market could re-duce the detection rate of H7N9 avian influenza virus. Strengthen the management of live poultry market and poultry environmental monitoring, closing live poultry markets when viral detection was positive, and suspen-ding live poultry trading were effective measures to control the epidemic of H7N9 avian influenza infection and prevent transmission.
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Jellyfish stings, a kind of common injuries caused by marine organisms, hurt human health and life greatly since its strong toxicity. The jellyfish stings can cause different reactions ranged from dermatitis, local injury, systemic injury and even death depending on the envenoming species. In recent years, with the development of the navy strategy transformation, the frequency and strength of military training among officers and soldiers were increasing, and the hurt of poisonous organisms from ocean specific environment was also growing, and jellyfish stings has become an increasing threat to navy combatant value. At present the solders know very little about this kind of injury, the preventive and therapeutic drugs are still in their infancy, and the primary medical units are lack of the targeted and standardized preventive and therapeutic drugs and first aid measures. How to improve the methods of treatments for jellyfish stings has been focused on by relevant authorities. The authors have reviewed the research progress in present paper of incidence, clinical symptoms and control measures of jellyfish stings for the purpose of laying a foundation for developing the new preventive and therapeutic drugs against jellyfish stings.
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Objective@#To design a record sheet of the core control measures for multi-drug resistant bacteria in ICU and apply it to clinical practice.@*Methods@#Through consulting the guidelines and literature, we designed the ICU core control measures to execute the record sheet and applied the record sheet to patients with multiple resistant bacteria infection. The implementation rate of the core control measures of medical personnel before and after the use of the record sheet(the awareness rate of medical personnel, the awareness rate of nursing staff, the compliance rate of hand hygiene, the implementation rate of isolation medical orders, the implementation rate of isolation marks, the implementation rate of single room isolation or bedside isolation, and the exclusive implementation rate of items), qualified rate of surface disinfection of articles, qualified rate of use of antimicrobial agents and incidence of multi-drug resistant bacteria infection were compared.@*Results@#After implementing the record sheet using the ICU multi-drug resistant bacteria core control measures, the implementation rate of medical personnel's core control measures, the conformity rate of surface disinfection of articles and the acceptance rate of antimicrobial drug use were all improved, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=2.85-432.18, P<0.05 or 0.01); incidence of multi-drug resistant bacteria infection from 15.7%(112/713) to 6.8%(51/748), the difference is statistically significant (χ2=28.22, P<0.05) .@*Conclusions@#The implementation of ICU multi-drug resistant core control measures can improve the rate of implementation of multi-drug resistant core control measures, reduce the incidence of multi-drug resistant infections, and standardize the operation of medical personnel against multiple drug resistant bacteria. The application of ICU multi-drug-resistant core control measures to the management of nosocomial infections in patients with multiple drug-resistant bacteria will help improve the quality of care and ensure the safety of patients.
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Objective To design a record sheet of the core control measures for multi-drug resistant bacteria in ICU and apply it to clinical practice. Methods Through consulting the guidelines and literature, we designed the ICU core control measures to execute the record sheet and applied the record sheet to patients with multiple resistant bacteria infection. The implementation rate of the core control measures of medical personnel before and after the use of the record sheet(the awareness rate of medical personnel, the awareness rate of nursing staff, the compliance rate of hand hygiene, the implementation rate of isolation medical orders, the implementation rate of isolation marks, the implementation rate of single room isolation or bedside isolation, and the exclusive implementation rate of items), qualified rate of surface disinfection of articles, qualified rate of use of antimicrobial agents and incidence of multi-drug resistant bacteria infection were compared. Results After implementing the record sheet using the ICU multi-drug resistant bacteria core control measures, the implementation rate of medical personnel's core control measures, the conformity rate of surface disinfection of articles and the acceptance rate of antimicrobial drug use were all improved, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=2.85-432.18, P<0.05 or 0.01); incidence of multi-drug resistant bacteria infection from 15.7%(112/713) to 6.8% (51/748), the difference is statistically significant (χ2=28.22, P<0.05). Conclusions The implementation of ICU multi-drug resistant core control measures can improve the rate of implementation of multi-drug resistant core control measures, reduce the incidence of multi-drug resistant infections, and standardize the operation of medical personnel against multiple drug resistant bacteria. The application of ICU multi-drug-resistant core control measures to the management of nosocomial infections in patients with multiple drug-resistant bacteria will help improve the quality of care and ensure the safety of patients.
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During the past 100 years,there had been four global pandemics on influenza that had greatly influenced the health and life of the people.This article summarized the features,experiences and lessons learned on these four influenza pandemics so as to prepare related measures targeting the possible pandemics/epidemics in the foreseeable future,in China.
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Antibiotic resistance affects the development of the world economy and threats public health. China is one of the countries with the most severe abuse of antibiotics. Here, we describe the causes of antibiotic resistance in the environment, human and animals as well as the status of antibiotic resistance. Based on the concept of One Health, we propose the promotion of the scientific use of antibiotics, the development of new types of antibiotics, establishment of the antibiotics stereoscopic monitoring network system, the promotion of knowledge education of antibiotic resistance, prevention of infection and other measures. We call for the establishment of interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral, trans-regional communication and cooperation to promote the development of antibiotic resistance prevention and control in China to protect environment and the health of humans and animals.
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During the past 100 years,there had been four global pandemics on influenza that had greatly influenced the health and life of the people.This article summarized the features,experiences and lessons learned on these four influenza pandemics so as to prepare related measures targeting the possible pandemics/epidemics in the foreseeable future,in China.